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The neutron magnetic moment is the intrinsic magnetic dipole moment of the neutron, symbol ''μ''n. Protons and neutrons, both nucleons, comprise the nucleus of atoms, and both nucleons behave as small magnets whose strengths are measured by their magnetic moments. The neutron interacts with normal matter primarily through the nuclear force and through its magnetic moment. The neutron's magnetic moment is exploited to probe the atomic structure of materials using scattering methods and to manipulate the properties of neutron beams in particle accelerators. The neutron was determined to have a magnetic moment by indirect methods in the mid 1930s. Luis Alvarez and Felix Bloch made the first accurate, direct measurement of the neutron's magnetic moment in 1940. The existence of the neutron's magnetic moment indicates the neutron is not an elementary particle. For an elementary particle to have an intrinsic magnetic moment, it must have both spin and electric charge. The neutron has spin 1/2 ''ħ'', but it has no net charge. The existence of the neutron's magnetic moment was puzzling and defied a correct explanation until the quark model for particles was developed in the 1960s. The neutron is composed of three quarks, and the magnetic moments of these elementary particles combine to give the neutron its magnetic moment. ==Description== The best available measurement for the value of the magnetic moment of the neutron is . Here ''μ''N is the nuclear magneton, a physical constant and standard unit for the magnetic moments of nuclear components. In SI units, . A magnetic moment is a vector quantity, and the direction of the neutron's magnetic moment is defined by its spin. The torque on the neutron resulting from an external magnetic field is towards aligning the neutron's spin vector opposite to the magnetic field vector. The nuclear magneton is the spin magnetic moment of a Dirac particle, a charged, spin 1/2 elementary particle, with a proton's mass ''m''p. In SI units, the nuclear magneton is : where ''e'' is the elementary charge and ''ħ'' is the reduced Planck constant. The magnetic moment of this particle is parallel to its spin. Since the neutron has no charge, it should have no magnetic moment by this expression. The non-zero magnetic moment of the neutron indicates that it is not an elementary particle. The sign of the neutron's magnetic moment is that of a negatively charged particle. Similarly, the fact that the magnetic moment of the proton, , is not equal to 1 ''μ''N indicates that it too is not an elementary particle.〔 Protons and neutrons are composed of quarks, and the magnetic moments of the quarks can be used to compute the magnetic moments of the nucleons. Although the neutron interacts with normal matter primarily through either nuclear or magnetic forces, the magnetic interactions are about seven orders of magnitude weaker than the nuclear interactions. The influence of the neutron's magnetic moment is therefore only apparent for low energy, or slow, neutrons. Because the value for the magnetic moment is inversely proportional to particle mass, the nuclear magneton is about 1/2000 as large as the Bohr magneton. The magnetic moment of the electron is therefore about 1000 times larger than that of the neutron.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=CODATA values of the fundamental constants )〕 The magnetic moment of the antineutron has the same magnitude as, but has the opposite sign, that of the neutron. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「neutron magnetic moment」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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